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Use of high-fiber forages in pregnant dairy heifer diets

The nutrient needs of dairy heifers change with age and size as they approach maturity with feed intake increasing and diet nutrient concentrations decreasing (Table 1). This is due to changes in growth with heifers having a higher rate of protein growth prior to breeding with slower protein growth as they approach mature body weight. […]

Feeding for efficiency: Dietary impacts on greenhouse gas production

A greenhouse gas is any gas in the atmosphere capable of absorbing heat from the sun and stopping it from radiating back into space. Many greenhouse gases occur naturally in our environment at low concentrations. However, human activity is increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, thereby trapping, and storing, additional heat and […]

Three Stages of Bovine Parturition

There are three stages to the birthing process, or parturition: dilation of the cervix, delivery of the calf, and delivery of the placenta. Knowing the normal birth process will help you decide whether or not to intervene.

Adding Value to Dairy x Beef Calves

Preconditioning dairy-beef calves for success as beef Various marketing opportunities exist for dairies to market dairy-beef cross calves including selling them ‘wet’ (i.e., preweaned, younger than 8 weeks of age). Dairies may retain ownership, marketing preconditioned or backgrounded feeder calves at approximately 400 or 700 lbs. Dairies may also finish beef cross cattle. Let’s take […]

Basics of Cocktail Forage Mixes

Cocktail forage mixes have become popular due to their use after a cereal forage harvest, their good forage quality, and their ability to apply in-season manure. In general, cocktail forage mixes are a blend of annual grasses (warm and/or cool season) and legumes. The warm season grasses are usually sorghum-sudangrass, sudangrass, or millets, and cool […]

Pricing Corn Silage

What is corn silage? Corn silage is a unique feed that combines high non-fiber carbohydrate (starch) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). It does not feed strictly like a forage or a concentrate. Corn silage is also unique when looking at the NDF fraction of the feed. If corn silage is separated into its two primary […]

Chlorine Dioxide as a Livestock Operation Disinfectant

By Donald C. Sockett, DVM, MS, PHD, DACVIM (large animal); Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, UW-Madison It is important for livestock barns, calf pens, and calf feeding equipment to be properly cleaned before the disinfectant is applied. If surfaces are not properly cleaned, the disinfection step is much less effective at killing disease-causing microorganisms. Many disinfectants […]

Sources and Impacts of Ammonia Emissions (A4192-010)

Ammonia emissions are predominantly released from human activities. Agricultural activities are the major contributor to ammonia emissions, particularly from livestock manure and fertilizer application. Ammonia can affect human health or form other substances, such as particulate matter, that have negative health and environmental impacts.

It’s Time to Cull ‘Cull Cows’ from our Vocabulary

Deciding when and how a dairy cow departs the farm is different on every operation. Making the decision to remove a cow from the herd is not always an easy one, but determining when the cow leaves and how is equally important. Changing the vocabulary from cull cow to market cow is a way to focus on what kind of animals are leaving the dairy.

Case Study of a Mastitis Investigation in an Automatic Milking System (AMS)

Mastitis is the most frequently diagnosed and treated disease in dairy herds. Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland and most of the cases are caused by bacteria. This disease is associated with negative impacts on milk production and quality, and profitability. Prevention of new cases of mastitis and treatment of existing cases is extremely important to maintain excellent milk quality.